Lewis and Clark
National Historic Trail
in Idaho and Montana
Research Document Summary
with
Annotated Bibliography and Internet Links
by
Steve F. Russell, PhD, PE
Historic Trail Research
Ames, Iowa
"Trailfinder"
https://steverussellweb.com/LINKS/TRAILFINDER-1.htm
REVISION # V12
2025
INTRODUCTION AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
This internet web page was created to provide internet links to various documents and maps, for the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, created during my 30+ years of historical trail research. This document is in the form of an annotated bibliography with links. At the end of the document, it also provides internet links to other Lewis and Clark information on the internet.
I have hiked all the trail of Lewis and Clark, between the Missouri River in Montana and the Snake River in Idaho. The is the segment of trail that went over the mountains of western Montana and through north-central Idaho.
The portion of the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, between Lolo, Montana and Kamiah, Idaho, is also known as the Lolo Trail National Historic Landmark.
The PDF files in
this bibliography have been designed to be printer and spiral bound.
Explanation of the format of the bibliographic entries:
May 26,
2025
The presentation on the Lewis
and Clark Trail, given at the Napier Community Church, Napier, Iowa, on May
26, 2025, is available on the Internet at the following link (URL): https://steverussellweb.com/LINKS/LEWIS
AND CLARK HISTORIC TRAIL RESEARCH.V10.pdf
WEBSITE DOCUMENT LINKS, ARCHIVE.ORG TITLES, DESCRIPTIONS, AND DOCUMENT
LINKS
This report discusses the north
and south portage routes, used by the Corps of Discovery, to portage around
the historic Celilo Falls. It provides detailed discussions of the various
issues, annotated maps, and annotated aerial photos. Most of the portage
routes, the campsite of Oct 22-23, 1805, and other features of the falls
are currently under water. Railroad and road construction appear to have
obliterated most of the routes above water. Historic annual flooding may
have washed out the river trails each year so that there may never have been
a recognizable erosion trace over the portage routes. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/celilo-falls-final-report-oct-2003-do-3
DOC:
PDF Document Download 1.4MB 16 pages
This monograph describes the
knowledge and methods I have learned and applied to my 30+ years of historic
trails research. It serves as a guide for future generations of trail researchers.
MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/historic-trail-discovery-and-research-methodology-2014-rev-3 DOC:
PDF Document Download 14KB 5 pages
John
(Jack) P. Harlan wrote several articles for the Clearwater Republican and
Clearwater Tribune newspapers on the Nez Perce, Lolo Trail, and Lewis and
Clark Trail in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1921, he was county assessor for Clearwater
County and also did land and timber cruising for the Northern Pacific Railroad
on the eastern "checkerboard ownership" land of Clearwater County. The newspaper
reported that his diary and photographs would be published by a "certain publisher,"
but I have been unable to locate a copy, and it may have never been published.
The value of Mr. Harlan's articles are in their reporting of the viewpoints
of his time of the Nez Perce Tribe and their connection to the Lolo Trail.
He also brings to light that three plaques were placed along the trail. He
did the placement and the Daughters of the American Revolution provided them.
There are so many inaccuracies in his reporting of places along the Lolo
Trail that they are of minimal value in current Lolo Trail research but they
are interesting for there documentation of the ideas of his time. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheLoloTrailAndTheNezPerceIndians
DOC:
PDF Document Download 791KB 77 pages
This one-page paper discusses
the use in inference in historic trail research, and the use of inference
in any type of research. The extent of inference applied to research should
always be made apparently clear to the reader. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/inference-in-historic-trail-research-statement
DOC:
PDF Document Download 31KB 1 Page *
A presentation of the research
results and methods of Steve F. Russell, Historic Trails Research, Ames, Iowa.
Presented at the Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, Montana by invitation of
the Headwaters Chapter of the Lewis and Clark Heritage Foundation. Photos and
Maps. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/2004InTheFootstepsOfLewisAndClarkV02 DOC:
PDF Document Download 12.1MB 49 Pages *
An MS Power Point presentation,
in PDF format, to the Gilbert, Iowa 6th Grade Class, 2011 MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/gilbert-6-th-grade-present-03-2011_202403 DOC:
PDF Document Download 8.8MB 56 Pages *
A National Public Radio StoryCorps
interview in the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail offices of the National
Park Service in Omaha, NB. Steve F. Russell, Historic Trails Research, Ames,
Iowa and Rachel Daniels, National Park Service in Omaha, NB. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/story-corps-interview-lewis-clark-steve-f.-russell-rachel-daniels VIDEO: NPR
VIDEO 33.6MB *
A presentation
of the research results and methods of Steve F. Russell, Historic Trails
Research, Ames, Iowa. Presented at the Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, Montana
by invitation of the Headwaters Chapter of the Lewis and Clark Heritage Foundation. Photos and
Maps. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/2004InTheFootstepsOfLewisAndClarkV02
DOC: PDF
Document Download 12.1MB 49 Pages *
Brochure
for the Sawtooth Science Institute, Idaho. The Sawtooth Science Institute
is an outreach field study center of Idaho State University's Division of
Continuing Education and the Idaho Museum of Natural History. It offers
graduate school courses for Idaho teachers who are working on a Masters degree.
This document shows a part of the brochure, including the Lewis and Clark
Workshop. *
Newspaper
article on my discovery of the Lewis and Clark Ordway Camp at Cougar Bar
on the Snake River, Idaho DOC: PDF
Document Download 0.3MB 1 Page *
Lewis
and Clark across the Mountains: Mapping the Corps of Discovery in Idaho.
Idaho State Historical Society, Boise, Idaho 2007. © Steve F. Russell,
PhD, PE, Historic Trails Research, Ames, Iowa. Publication of this book was
funded, in part, by the Idaho Governor's Lewis and Clark Trail Committee.
ISBN: 0-931406-16-1. This
book is based upon a 22-year effort by Dr. Russell, to hike and document
the routes of Lewis and Clark between Clark Canyon Reservoir (Fortunate
Camp) in western Montana, and Lewiston, Idaho. GPS data for the routes is
available in other publications. In
addition to quoting and commenting on the Journal entries for the routes,
there are 38 full-color topographic maps, all with comments showing the
trails, campsites (dated), and landmarks. Geographic
areas include: 1) Clark Canyon Dam, MT, 2) Horse Prairie, MT, 3) Lemhi Pass,
MT-ID, 4) Lemhi Valley, ID, 5) Salmon River, ID, 6) Lost Trail Pass, ID-MT,
7) Bitterroot Valley, MT, 8) Lolo Creek, MT, 9)Lolo Pass, MT-ID, 10) Lolo
Trail, ID-MT, 11) Bitterroot Mountains, MT-ID, 12) Lolo National Forest,
MT, 13) Clearwater National Forest, ID, 14) Weippe Prairie, ID, 15) Clearwater
River Valley, Orofino, ID, 16) Lewiston, ID, 17) Peck, ID, 18) Kamiah, ID,
19) Lower Salmon River, ID, 20) Snake River, ID, 21) Grangeville, ID, 22)
Big Hole, MT, 23) Jackson Hot Springs, MT, 24) Big Hole Pass, MT. The route
of Ordway to the Snake River is included, but not the return route of Lewis,
from Lolo, MT to Lewis and Clark Pass, MT. DOC:
PDF Document Download
24.5MB 122 Pages *
NOTE:
Refer to the description in Document #11. NOTE:
This document is a scanned copy of the original book and has been processed
with optical character recognition (OCR) to reduce its size and create searchable
text. However, OCR may skip the processing of some words and may introduce
word errors. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lewis-and-clark-across-the-mountains-2022-02-09-ocr DOC:
PDF Document Download
15.2MB 120 Pages *
Presentation I: OLLI Short
Course, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Iowa State University, 2018, Introduction
to the westward Expedition of Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery Topics
Include: Interest in Lewis and Clark, Hiking the Lewis and Clark Trail, Inference
in Trail Research, Opening of the West, Purpose of the Expedition, Orders
from President Jefferson, Corps of Discovery Leaders, Lewis and Clark, Steve
F. Russell, Who am I?, Who I am Not?, The Amazing Journals, Westward 1804-1805,
Maps and Photos, Expedition Members, Western Indian Tribes, Surprises and
Adventures, Conceptions and Misconceptions, Trail Research, Trail Friends
and Colleagues, My Personal Research, Photo Gallery DOC:
PDF Document Download 41.1MB 114 Pages
14. Lewis and Clark and the
Corps of Discovery OLLIE Presentation II (Russell) 2018 Presentation
II: OLLI Short Course, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Iowa State University,
2018. Details of the westward Expedition of Lewis and Clark and the Corps
of Discovery Topics
Include: primitive camping for trail research, Nez Perce on the Lolo Trail,
Ordway camp on the Snake River, traveling with Lewis and Clark, camp photos,
detailed maps of locations on the Lewis and Clark Trail, Celilo Falls, Fort
Astoria, Rush's Thunderbolts, expedition members, Sacajawea, research for
the "true" trail location, GPS equipment, precision survey of the Lewis and
Clark Trail over the Lolo Trail, surprises and adventures. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lewis-and-clark-and-the-corps-of-discovery-ollie-presentation-ii DOC:
PDF Document Download 30.4MB 84 pages *
Presentation
III: OLLI Short Course, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Iowa State University,
2018. More details of the westward Expedition of Lewis and Clark and the
Corps of Discovery Topics
Include: Sacagawea Revisited, western Indian tribes, Mandan (Hidatsa), Blackfeet,
Nez Perce, Shoshoni, Salish (Flathead), Columbia River Tribes, surprises and
adventures, expedition epilogue, Clark's cash book, photos of hiking the
Lolo Trail, hiking alone, plants and animals along the trail, Bitterroot flower
(Lewisia rediviva), Beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.), Nez Perce
Trail, hiking the Lewis and Clark Trail, Horace Axtel Tribal Elder, Nez Perce
National Historic Trail Foundation, Bud Moore, Lolo Pass Visitor Center,
Tome Geouge, James (Jim) Ronda, NC 2005 GIS Conference, Lewis and Clark Trail
Precision Survey, trail mapping technology. DOC: PDF
Document Download 19.4MB 125 Pages *
Presentation
IV: OLLI Short Course, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Iowa State University,
2018. Details of the people, events, and geographic locations associated with
the Expedition of Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery. Topics
Include: Maps of the Entire Route over the Mountains, Black Bear, Cinnamon
Bear, Mountain Lion, Wolves, Coyotes, Moose, Elk, Horace Axtel - Nez Perce
Elder, Horace & Steve, Lewis & Clark Trail Class, James Ronda, Lewis
and Clark in Idaho (Video), Discovery of the Ordway Camp site on the Salmon
River MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lewis-and-clark-and-the-corps-of-discovery-ollie-presentation-iv DOC: PDF
Document Download 6.1MB 25 Pages *
Photo
Gallery A: OLLI Short Course, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Iowa State
University, 2018. Introduction to the westward Expedition of Lewis and Clark
and the Corps of Discovery. Topics
Include: Photos of Lewis and Clark Campsites - Aug 8, 1805 to Oct 10, 1985,
first Idaho campsite, Red Butte, Lost Trail Pass, Albert Parsons Mallickan
gravesite, Hungery Creek, Weippe Prairie, Island Camp DOC: PDF
Document Download 38.1MB 46 Pages *
Photo
Gallery B: OLLI Short Course, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Iowa State
University, 2018. Introduction to the westward Expedition of Lewis and Clark
and the Corps of Discovery. Topics
Include: Photos of Lewis and Clark Campsites - May 5, 1806 to June 29, 1806,
Long Camp, Deer Creek, Ordway Campsite, Kooskia, Weippe Prairie, Salmon Trout
Camp, Green Swoard Camp, Spring Mountain, 13-Mile Camp, Lolo Hot Springs.
DOC: PDF
Document Download 28.4MB 35 Pgs *
Photo
Gallery C: OLLI Short Course, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Iowa State
University, 2018. Introduction to the westward Expedition of Lewis and Clark
and the Corps of Discovery. Topics
Include: Clark Campsites Eastward from Travelers Rest, Jul 3, 1806 to July
7, 1806, Sula, Big Hole Pass, Lewis eastward from Traverlers Rest, Hellgate
Canyon (ravine de le mort, canyon of the dead), Big Blackfoot River DOC: PDF
Document Download 13.5MB 20 Pages *
ABSTRACT:
This campsite is well know to the Lewis and Clark Trail community. It was
a popular camping place for Salish, Nez Perce, and early Explorers. The location
was at the junction of the Lolo Trail (from Lolo, Montana to Kamiah, Idaho)
with the 1806 Bitterroot Trail (from Missoula, Montana to Gibbon's Pass).
The Corps of Discovery was camped there a total of 5 days in 1805-06. The
campsite was originally thought to be near the mouth of Lolo Creek (as interpreted
by an old highway marker on US 93) but all the Journal evidence from 1805-06
and the Nicholson survey of 1866 placed it at, or near, the location given
in this report. In recent years the interpreted location has been moved to
its present location, and is interpreted by the Travelers Rest State Park.
Despite archeological digs, the location is still debated, although the location
most researchers have identified are within 1000 feet of each other - very
good agreement when locating historic campsites. This author's most current
research placed the camp on a dry bench-land adjacent to the creek, and on
the south side. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/LewisAndClarkCampsite18050909P28 DOC: PDF
Document Download 8.4MB 10 Pages *
Lewis
and Clark National Historic Trail Landmark. Crossing the Clearwater River,
a branch of the accounts.
The crossing by Cox is based on a wagon road swale found by field exploration.
The crossing by Bergantino is based on his research map of the area. For
purposes of interpretation of the route of Lewis, one of the crossings by
Russell or Cox should be used. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/LewisAndClarkLandmark180607051LClearwaterCrossing_201705 DOC:
PDF Document Download 7.7MB 13 Pages *
In 2001
and 2002, Steve F. Russell and survey assistants, Theo Petersen and Matt
Battani, hiked the trail followed by Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery
from Lolo Pass, Idaho-Montana to Weippe, Idaho. This trail tread was recorded
with a Trimble Pathfinder Pro XRS precision GPS to an accuracy of 3 meters.
This book documents this effort and contains topographic maps of the trail
along the entire route. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/LewisClarkLoloTrailPrecisionSurvey DOC: PDF
Document Download 22.2MB 86 Pages *
A description
of documents I shared with members of the staff of the National Park Service,
Lewis and Clark Trail National Historic Landmark, Omaha, NB. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lewis-and-clark-trail-document-bibliography-for-national-park-service-russell-2014 DOC: PDF
Document Download 36KB 3 Pages *
This
report is one of five research reports that were compiled into a document
entitled: "The Mystery of Lost Trail Pass," James Fazio, Ed, 2000. It describes
in detail how the researcher analyzed the Lewis and Clark Journals and the
associated topography of the area to create a description of the trail route
and campsite used by Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery. Research
methodology and conclusions are described in detail. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/LewisAndClarkOverLostTrailPass DOC: PDF
Document Download 2.8MB 40 Pages *
This
document is a research report on the salmon fishing expedition of Sgt. John
Ordway of the Corps of Discovery under the command on Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark. This route and the effort of Ordway remained largely unnoticed
until this research was completed and published. It has been the collaboration
of Steve F. Russell, Historic Trails Research, Sam McNeill of the Idaho Fish
and Game, and John A. K. Barker. The logistics were funded by a Lewis and
Clark Bicentennial Assistance Grant from the State of Idaho. Research analysis,
descriptions, and detailed maps of the route are included. On public land
and on private land, with permission, the trail tread was hiked and campsites
were examined. Both have been recorded with GPS. The Idaho Fish and Game have
also prepared a brochure with descriptions and maps for self discovery. This
research led to my discovery of the campsite of the Ordway Party at Cougar
Rapids Bar on the Snake River of Idaho. This site had been investigated by
the State Archeologist of the State of Idaho. Fire pits were found with the
boundaries of what was once a Nez Perce dwelling. These results are published
in archeology journals. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/OrdwaysSalmonRiverFishingExpedition1806 DOC: PDF
Document Download 2.4MB 50 Pages *
This
is a brochure preparied by the Idaho Fish and Game that is entitled "Lewis
and Clark Expedition: Sgt. Ordway's Salmon River Fishing Expedition. It contains
photos, maps, and descriptions of the of the route taken by Ordway in 1806
from Kamiah, Idaho to the Snake River at Cougar Rapids Bar. Map and text
information was provided in 2002 by Steve F. Russell, Historic Trails Research,
Ames, Iowa. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/LewisAndClarkTrail1806OrdwayRouteBrochure2002 DOC: PDF
Document Download 2.3MB 5 Pages
29. LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL -
The Riddle of Hungery Creek (Enhanced) 2000 Fascination
with the route and camping places of Lewis and Clark has remained strong
for more than 100 years. With the approaching bicentennial of the Corps of
Discovery, this interest is only intensifying. What is more, increasing numbers
of people are interested in following the route themselves-not always a wise
idea, as is certainly the case with the area described here. This
is the first in a series of articles that Steve Russell is preparing on his
research of the route and camping sites as the Corps of Discovery crossed
the mountainsfrom the Missouri River basin to the Columbia River basin. Their
passage through Hungery Creek and Fish Creek took them across what is now
the Clearwater National Forest of north-central Idaho. They came through
the area four times, once in 1805 and three times in 1806. The documentation
of their various journals leaves us with a wealth of clues as to the route
they followed, although William Clark's maps for this area are of limited
value because of their topographic distortion. The
author, who was born in Lewiston, Idaho, is an electrical engineer on the
faculty of Iowa State University. His work on this project has grown as he
has been more and more intrigued by the landscape crossed by the Corps-the
campsites, the tread of prehistoric and historic trails, and the often very
difficult terrain. His bibliography appears at the end of the article. Idaho
Yesterdays, The Journal of the Idaho State Historical Society, Volume 44
No. 1, Spring 2000, pages 19-31. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/RussellSteveRiddleOfHungeryCreekIdahoYesterdays2000Spring
NOTE:
Refer to the description in Document #29. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lewis-and-clark-trail-the-riddle-of-hungery-creek-original-2000 DOC: PDF
Document Download 4.3MB 25 Pages *
Lewis
& Clark Trail Research Presentation to the Idaho Lewis & Clark Governor's
Committee, Powell Ranger Station, Idaho, September 12, 2014. This is a presentation
on the location, documentation, and preservation of the Lewis and Clark National
Historic Trail over the Bitterroot Mountains. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/LewisAndClarkTrailGovernorsCommitteePresentation2014 DOC: PDF
Document Download 13.9MB 41 Pages *
This
document contains all of the original and factual information about the life
of Sacagawea, Lewis and Clark, Corps of Discovery. Its goal is to present
only the information from the Lewis and Clark Journals, and William Clark's
Cash Book. The reader is encouraged to use this information when speaking
or writing about Sacagawea. There is a large volume of literature on her
that is fiction, with no factual basis. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/SacagaweaFactualInformationFromOriginalSourcesV02 DOC: PDF
Document Download 2.6MB 19 Pages
33. Lolo Trail Surveyed, Idaho
Lewis and Clark Bicentennial News July 2003. Update
on the Article, "Lolo Trail Surveyed" The
trail survey reported by this article took two summers to complete, 2002
and 2003. My survey assistant in 2002 was Theo Peterson, a student at Iowa
State University. My survey Assistant in 2003 was Matt Battani, also a student
and a member of the Iowa State Wrestling Team. Both were in excellent condition
to survive the hot days and steep hillsides of the Lolo Trail National Historic
Landmark. (I was 59, but in great shape. I would go on to do long-distance
biking, and in 2008, at the age of 64, would post my longest distance of
62 miles over hilly western Iowa.) This
is a great article, but one "fact" need corrected. In the years proceeding
the survey, I had hiked the complete trail, and several segments multiple
times. We were not looking for the trail in the sense of finding it, but
we were looking for the trail tread in the heavy underbrush. The
Lolo Trail NHL is actually a "braid" of several historic trails, i.e., it
is a system of trails. These trails are: 1) The Northern Nez Perce Trail,
as followed by Lewis & Clark in 1805 and 1806 (now the Lewis and Clark
National Historic Trail), 2) The Northern Nez Perce Trail as followed in
1831 by a Hudson's Bay Company fur brigade, under the command of John Work
(Wark), 3) The 1866 Virginia City and Lewiston Wagon Road (Bird-Truax Trail),
a federal project under the supervision of Wellington Bird of Mount Pleasant,
Iowa, 4) and finally, the Nez Perce National Historic Trail of 1877. These
trails are tightly intermingled and share much of the trail tread across
the Bitterroot Mountains. The survey was funded by a $10,000 grant from the
Idaho Governor's Lewis and Clark Trail Committee. The
GPS (Global Positioning System) data was collected with a Trimble Pathfinder
Pro XRS, the best survey instrument available at the time. The data was post-processed
with GIS software available from ArcView and National Geographic. Best accuracy
was 2-3 meters. In deep valley environments, the accuracy was 5-10 meters. I
have also attached a poster from a presentation I did at Iowa State University;
"Precision Surveying of Historic Trails, Lewis and Clark in Idaho -2004,
Steve F. Russell, Associate Professor, Iowa State University, GIS Day -Nov
15, 2006." I have attached a map of the trail and some photos taken during
the surveys. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lolo-trail-surveyed-idaho-lewis-and-clark-bicentennial-news-july-2003 *
This
PDF file contains the 1814 map of the track of Lewis and Clark by Samuel
Lewis. Modern place name notations have been added by Steve F. Russell, Historic
Trails Research, Ames, Iowa. The
map shows the geographic knowledge of the northern part of the western United
States at the time. Although its purpose is to show the track of Lewis and
Clark and the corps of discovery, it contains much more information about
the geography. This map has much more geographic knowledge in it than possessed
by William Clark. It appears that much of the information provided by Samuel
Lewis came from other sources. In particular, the maps and journals of David
Thompson (1809-1812), William Price Hunt (1811-1812), and Robert Stuart (1812-1812). MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/AnnotatedMapOfLewisAndClarksTrackAcrossTheWesternPortionOfNorthAmerica1814V05 *
Invited
Speaker, Steve F. Russell, PhD, PE, Iowa State University, NC 2005 GIS Conference,
"Ideas, Information, Innovation," March 3-4, 2005, Benton Convention Center,
Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Presentation of the GPS and GIS technology
applied to the recording of the precise location of the Lewis and Clark
National Historic Trail in Idaho. DOC: PDF
DOC:ument Download 2.6MB 29 Pages *
37. LOLO
TRAIL NHL - Composite Topographic Maps (TOPO!) (Russell) 2002 This Lewis
and Clark Annotated Lolo Trail Atlas, documents the research status for the
trail treads and campsites of the Lewis and Clark Trail within the Lolo Trail
National Historic Landmark, as of 2002. The topographic maps are based
on the GIS series, National Geolgraphic TOPO!. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/2002LoloTrailNHLCompositeTopoMapsoptimized02_201612 DOC: PDF
Document Download
13.0MB 50 Pages *
38. LOLO
TRAIL NHL - Comprehensive Research Maps (Arcview) (Russell) 2017 This Annotated
trail atlas for the Lolo Trail National Historic Landmark, is based on the
use of the GIS program ARCVIEW
3.1. It is also based on all the trail research of Steve F. Russell
PhD, PE, and contains all the campsites, historical landmarks he visited,
and all the trails he hiked. It contains precise trail location data for
the following: (NOTE: The
trail overlay themselves in several locations. For example, the Lewis and
Clark Trail is overlaid, in most locations, by the Nez Perce Trail , because
that was primarily the trail used by the Corps of Discovery. Many trails
and sites have been left off because the create too much clutter to read
everything. The original ARCVIEW 3.1 program and maps contain all the data) TRAILS, ROADS,
AND SITES RECORDED: RED: Northern
Nez Perces Trail 1805, 1866 RED (Dotted):
Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 1805-1806 BLUE: Bird-Truax Trail (Lewiston
and Virginia City Wagon Road) 1866 PINK (Dashed):
Nee-Me-Poo Adventure Trail BROWN (Solid,
Dotted): US Forest Service Trails BROWN (Solid,
Large): Stock Driveway, 1930 BROWN (Solid,
Dashed): Lolo Motorway (Lolo Divide Road) GREEN (Dashed):
Other Trails GREEN (Solid):
Idaho SHPO National Register 1988 BLACK (Dashed):
Other roads PINK (Dotted):
G. B. Nicholson, 1866 Reconnaissance Route DARK PURPLE
(Solid): Selected Steve R. Russell Reconnaissance Routes YELLOW TARGETS:
Lewis and Clark Campsites EXPEDITIONS DOCUMENTED: LEWIS AND CLARK - 1805 AND 1806 JOHN MULLAN
- 1854 LEWISTON AND
VIRGINIA CITY WAGON ROAD - 1866 JOHN WORK
- 1832 GEN. O. O.
HOWARD - 1877 OTHER TRAILS
AND SITES DOCUMENTED (a partial list): All secondary
trails hiked by Steve F. Russell, Elk hunter trails, Lewis and Clark Campsites
by Steve F. Russell, Lewis and Clark Campsites by Robert Bergantino, John
Work (Wark) campsites, John Mullan Campsites, General O. O. Howard Campsites,
Steve F. Russell Campsites, Miscellaneous Campsites, Lolo Trail Landmarks,
Springs and Creeks, Aboriginal Trails, Mileage Labels for all the main trails,
etc. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lolo-trail-nhl-comprehensive-research-maps-arcview-russell-2017 DOC: PDF
Document Download 116MB 97 Pages *
39. Lewis
and Clark over Lost Trail Pass-WPO 1999 (Russell) 1997-99 During
September 1-4, 1805, the Corps of Discovery under the command of Lewis and
Clark bushwacked their way northward over the dividing ridge between the
waters of what they called Lewis' River on the south and Clark's River on
the north. They began on the Salmon River in Idaho and their destination
was the Bitterroot River in Montana. They were not following an established
Indian trail because they chose to go due north over the most direct route
possible. The established Indian trail, at that time, looped eastward through
the Big Hole before going northward up Trail Creek, over Gibbons Pass, and
then into the Bitterroot Valley. The
route of the Corps of Discovery over Lost Trail Pass is, to repeat an often
used phrase, "a puzzle, wrapped in a mystery, shrouded by an enigma." It
remains a major challenge to the Lewis and Clark trail community to determine
their route for September 1-4, 1805 and their September 2nd and 3rd camping
sites. This paper reports on a technique the author has developed, using
topography and computer analysis techniques, that can be applied to the
Lost Trail route. For
the past 12 years, I have been doing research on the Lolo Trail from Lolo,
Montana to Weippe, Idaho. This work is nearing completion and will result
in the accurate location and documentation of the trails within the Lolo
Trail System: the Northern Nez Perces Trail, the Bird-Truax Trail, and the
Lewis and Clark route. The research techniques developed for the Lolo Trail
were applied to the Lost Trail route using modern map data and the expedition's
journal narratives and maps. While
the Lolo Trail research results were validated by cross-checking with many
other historical sources, as well as ground truthing, no known equivalent
resources exist for the Lost Trail route. The party "bushwhacked" their
way over the pass and did not follow an established "roade." Without the
remnants of a well-travelled Indian trail, we are left with only their journal
records and the topography to be our guide. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lewis-and-clark-trail-mystery-of-lost-trail-pass-wpo-russell-1999 DOC: PDF
Document Download 3.4MB 40 Pages *
40. Lewis
and Clark Lolo Trail Precision Survey, Summary of Research Results (Russell)
2005 This
document contains maps that represent the most accurate survey of the trail
that exists today. In
the spring of 1999, I finally completed a series of maps documenting the
1806 trail location but did not publish them because of heritage resource
concerns. Interest in Lewis and Clark campsite excavation for archeology
did not appeal to me so I elected to maintain the information as confidential.
During the years after 1999, I started using ARCVIEW to document the 1806
and 1866 trails and caught up on my documentation
of the various journals that applied to the Lolo Trail. Finally,
in the summer of 2002, I began a precision survey of the 1806 trail followed
by Lewis and Clark. A high-precision GPS unit, salary for a survey assistant,
and per diem were provided by a grant from the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial
Assistance Grant program for the State of Idaho. The grant was administered
by the Idaho State Historical Society. I made in-kind contributions of all
my research knowledge, post processing of the survey points, converting data
to ARCVIEW shape files, and survey labor for two summers. The survey of
a total of 104 miles of trail from Lolo Pass to Weippe Prairie took a total
of 65 days spread over the summers of 2002 and 2003. The planning of the work
took approximately 170 hours. The post processing of all the data took approximately
450 hours spread out over two-plus years. DOC: PDF
Document Download 21MB 86 Pages *
41. Lolo
Trail Research Field Maps, 1985-2001, Folder F109 V02 (Optimized) In
the first days of my field research on the Lolo Trail, a hand-held GPS was
not yet available. I used paper copies of 7.2 minute topographic maps that
I carried in my backpack. To help me with navigation and map marking, I used
a pace counter for distance (2.5 feet per step), and a barometric altimeter.
At known places on the topo map, I would mark the paper map and calibrate
my altimeter. This document contains scans of all of those old paper maps.
When GPS became available to me, I still carried paper maps to get a better
orientation in the terrain. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/lolo-trail-research-field-maps-1985-2001-folder-f-109-v-02-optimized DOC: PDF
Document Download 32MB 188 Pages
43. Lolo
Trail History and Cartography; PART VI, Research Maps C; National Historic
Landmark Map Set, 2009-2017 This
is a comprehensive map set of all seven of the major trails and the Lolo
Motorway. Series-1
- 1805 Northern Nez Perces Trail & Lewis and Clark National Historic
Trail The
oldest of the historic trails within the Lolo Trail National Historic Landmark
is the Northern
Nez Perces Trail (NNT), scouted and used primarily by the Nez Perce between
the time they
obtained horses (circa 1730) and 1866. It was
used by the Lewis and Clark Corps of Discovery in 1805 (westbound) and 1806
(eastbound) during their western explorations. Lewis and Clark also used
the Fishery Trail down to the Lochsa River in their westbound travel. The
NNT had two branches on the western end. The southernmost we will call the
Hungery Creek Branch (H-NNT). This branch was used by Lewis and Clark (1805-06).
The northernmost branch we will call the Snowy Summit Branch (S-NNT)which
was used by John Work (1831), John Mullan (1854), and George Nicholson (1866)
when they traveled the route. DOC: PDF
Document Download 104.8MB 359 Pages *
John (Jack) P. Harlan wrote
several articles for the Clearwater Republican and Clearwater Tribune newspapers
on the Nez Perce, Lolo Trail, and Lewis and Clark Trail in the 1920s and
1930s. In 1921, he was county assessor for Clearwater County and also did
land and timber cruising for the Northern Pacific Railroad on the eastern
"checkerboard ownership" land of Clearwater County. The
newspaper reported that his diary and photographs would be published by a
"certain publisher," but I have been unable to locate a copy, and it may
have never been published. The value of Mr. Harlan's articles are in their
reporting of the viewpoints of his time of the Nez Perce Tribe and their
connection to the Lolo Trail. He also brings to light that three plaques
were placed along the trail. He did the placement and the Daughters of the
American Revolution provided them. There are so many inaccuracies in his
reporting of places along the Lolo Trail that they are of minimal value in
current Lolo Trail research but they are interesting for there documentation
of the ideas of his time. Larry
Jones, Historian for the State of Idaho, first brought these articles to
my attention in the summer of 1998 and provided me with photocopies of some
of the articles. This Monograph grew out of those beginnings to provide the
interested reader with access to Jack Harlan's Lolo Trail articles. I am
not sure if we have all the articles but I believe most of them are here.
I appreciate Larry's help with this project and all the other help he has
given me over the years. As
I read Harlan's articles and began to notice the inaccuracies and misunderstandings
within, it caused me to pause and think about the conditions under which
he was trying to provide information about Lewis & Clark, the Nez Perce,
and the Lolo Trail. In
his time, there was no road over the route so he had to use the Bird-Truax
Trail of 1866. The road (Lolo Divide Road, Lolo Motorway) was not completed
until 1935. He also had no access to high quality maps or aerial photos or
satellite images. In 1925, GIS and GPS were still over five decades into
the future. I will make comments on his misinformation but it is by no means
a criticism of his efforts in difficult conditions. The
comments about Nez Perce culture are not in keeping with today's thinking
but it is not for us to judge the past with the cultural mores of the present.
Therefore, I have not indulged in commenting on his opinions. They are only
opinions, and they are his, not mine. Concerning
accuracy of the trail and campsite locations, I feel free to comment and
pass along my many years of research and inferences about locations. I had
many advantages that Harlan did not. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheLoloTrailAndTheNezPerceIndians DOC: PDF
Document Download 0.8MB 77 Pages *
NOTE:
This document is primarily applicable to the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail.
The location of the trail is a "guesstament," Merle told me he never actually
hiked the trail. Lolo
Trail National Historic Landmark , National Register of Historic Places,
Registration Form with Continuation Sheets and Maps, Idaho State Historical
Society, Merle Well, Idaho State Historian, Sep 13, 1988 - May 13, 1991 -
Feb 1, 1993. This
is the documentation for the Lolo Trail National Historic Landmark that Merle
Wells mailed to me on Sep 19, 1996. Merle and I met on the Lolo Trail and
had a long afternoon talk about my work and the need to update the documentation
on the Lolo Trail NHL He requested my help. These continuation
sheets and maps were sent to me to mark up and return just before Merle became
terminally ill. I regret to say that I postponed my work on this and never
returned to it before his death. This contains
the registration form, continuation sheets, and maps that the Idaho State
HS prepared in 1988. The form pages were stamped with the date Mar 13, 1991,
and the form was signed by the Keeper on Feb 1, 1993. The continuation pages
were not numbered so I have numbered them in the order I received them. I
have also added identifier labels to the continuation sheets and the maps
that were not on the originals. The
Lolo Trail, as documented in these pages, is primarily the Northern Nez Perces
Trail of 1805 through Hungery Creek (Lewis and Clark) and the Northern Nez
Perces Trail of 1831 John Work (Wark) over Snowy Summit. Some of the trail
tread is not marked on some maps. I have added Idaho State HS Reference Series
941 to this document that shows their estimate of the tread diversion at Saddle
Camp. It
is unfortunate that this Landmark documentation does not cover the portion
of the Lolo Trail between the Weippe Prairie and Kamiah. I hope this can
be added in the future because it rightfully belongs and is shown on an
historic map in my collection. My
research was an independent discovery 0f the trail tread over the same span
of geography. Thus,my research and this map set represent two independent
versions of research on the Lewis and Clark trail tread over the Lolo Trail
corridor. Steve
F. Russell, PhD, PE Associate Professor of ElectIical and Computer Engineering
Iowa State University Ames, Iowa . DOC: PDF
Document Download 6.9MB 56 Pages *
A small
book by the 1966 Forest Supervisor of the Clearwater National Forest, Orofino,
Idaho. Ralph was a family friend. He told me that he hiked much of the trail,
but was most interested in location campsites. He thanked me for my efforts
to document the precise location of the old Lolo Trail. MAIN LINK: https://archive.org/details/1970-lolo-trail-space DOC PDF
Document Download 11.4MB 35 Pages
END OF WEBSITE DOCUMENT LINKS from HISTORIC TRAILS RESEARCH, Steve
F. Russell, PhD, PE
LEWIS AND CLARK NATIONAL HISTORIC
TRAIL INFORMATION FROM OTHER INTERNET
AND BOOK SOURCES
The best site
on Lewis and Clark history, except for the actual journals. Created by Dr.
Joseph Musselman and maintained by Chris Townsend. It features many photos
and additional information that is not in the Journals. It previously was
associated with the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Foundation. MAIN LINK: https://lewis-clark.org DOC: Contributor,
Steve F. Russell All other documents
are accessable through the MAIN LINK. Be sure to use the search engine to
search the main web page.
Welcome to the Journals of the Lewis
and Clark Expedition Online. This website makes available the text of the
celebrated Nebraska edition of the Lewis and Clark journals, edited by Gary
E. Moulton. Moulton's edition--the most accurate and inclusive edition ever
published--is one of the major scholarly achievements of the late twentieth
century. The site features
the full text--almost five thousand pages--of the journals. Also included
are a gallery of images, important supplemental texts, and audio files of
selected passages plus Native American perspectives. With a focus on full-text-search
ability and ease of navigation, the Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Online is intended to be both a useful tool for scholars and an engaging
website for the general public MAIN LINK: https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/ DOC: All documents are accessible through
the MAIN LINK: *
This organization was previously known
and the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Foundation. After the name
change, it assimilated all of the web pages associate with the previous organization. MAIN LINK: https://lewisandclark.org/ DOC: All documents are accessible through
the MAIN LINK: *
This site, created by Chris Townsend,
contains a considerable amount of information about the Lewis and Clark National
Historic Trail. MAIN LINK: https://trailresearch.org/lewisandclark/ DOC: All documents are accessible through
the MAIN LINK: *
This
site is sponsored by the NPS and contains a significant amount of information
about the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. The NPS offices for the
LCNHT are located at Omaha, NB. MAIN LINK: https://www.nps.gov/lecl/planyourvisit/maps.htm DOC: All documents are accessible through
the MAIN LINK: *
This
site contains another NPS map interface and also includes a link to the ARCGIS
interactive maps for all National Historic Trails. NOTE:
This interactive map takes a long time to download. MAIN LINK: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationaltrailssystem/maps.htm DOC: National
Trails System Webmap (ARCGIS, INTERACTIVE, NO DOWNLOAD)
END OF INFORMATION from OTHER INTERNET AND BOOK SOURCES
1. Celilo Falls Final Report
(Oct 2003) DO3 (Lewis and Clark)
*
*
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2.
Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, University of Nebraska, Lincoln